Ovarian Cysts: Symptoms & Treatment

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form in or on the ovaries. Most are functional (related to ovulation), benign and resolve on their own within a few menstrual cycles.

Causes

• Normal ovulation (functional cysts – the most common type)
• Hormonal problems
• Endometriosis
• Pregnancy
• Pelvic infections

Symptoms

• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Bloating or abdominal fullness
• Pain during intercourse
• Sudden, severe pain if a cyst ruptures or causes ovarian torsion (a medical emergency)
• Irregular menstrual bleeding
• Frequent urination

Diagnosis

• Clinical evaluation based on symptoms and physical examination
• Ultrasound
• Blood tests

Treatments

• Watchful waiting – most functional cysts resolve within two to three cycles without treatment
• Pain medications as needed
• Hormonal management
• Surgery