Raynaud’s Phenomenon Symptoms & Treatment Options

Raynaud's phenomenon is a condition that affects blood flow, primarily to the extremities, such as your fingers and toes. It causes the blood vessels in the affected area to narrow when you’re cold or feeling stressed, resulting in pain, a tingling or numb feeling and potentially skin discoloration. If left untreated, not only can it have a significant impact on everyday activities, but it will also hamper your overall quality of life. 

If you’re experiencing symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon, our experts at Houston Methodist can help. We’re here to diagnose your symptoms and develop a comprehensive treatment plan to relieve symptoms and help you live your life to the fullest. Contact us to schedule an appointment.

Understanding Raynaud's Phenomenon

Raynaud’s phenomenon involves a series of reactions to cold or stress, which result in the narrowing of your blood vessels and a reduced blood flow. There are two forms of Raynaud’s: They include primary Raynaud’s and secondary Raynaud’s (severe Raynaud’s). Each has distinct causes and presentations. Learn more about the mechanisms of Raynaud’s disease below.

  • Triggers and Symptoms

    • Some of the most common symptoms of Raynaud’s include dramatic changes in skin color, pain during attacks and tingling/numbing sensations in the feet or hands.
    • This condition is typically triggered by emotional stress and cold temperatures.
    • Using vibrating tools, smoking and some medications (i.e., beta blockers) can further exacerbate the symptoms. 
     

  • Types of Raynaud's

    • Primary Raynaud’s phenomenon: This occurs without an associated disease and symptoms are typically mild.
    • Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon: This is usually associated with underlying causes (see below) that can lead to more severe complications.
     

  • Complications and Associated Conditions

    • Carpal tunnel syndrome, autoimmune diseases, and connective tissue diseases like scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, Buerger disease, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are commonly associated with secondary Raynaud’s. These conditions can further complicate treatment and management.
    • In severe cases where there’s a prolonged lack of blood flow to the affected areas, individuals may develop skin ulcers or gangrene. 
     
Additionally, causes of Raynaud’s may include repetitive movements, using vibrating tools (like a jackhammer), adverse reactions to medications (including Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibody Antagonists), injuries (such as frostbite, broken bones, etc.), and exposure to certain chemicals. It may also be an initial manifestation of hypothyroidism.

Our Treatment Options for Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Effectively managing Raynaud’s phenomenon requires a focus on reducing the severity of episodes and preventing tissue damage. Depending on your circumstances, a rheumatologist at Houston Methodist may recommend one of the following treatments:

  • Biofeedback therapy: This therapy can assist patients in controlling their physiological responses to stress and cold.
  • Lifestyle changes: Avoiding cold, reducing stress and stopping smoking is critical.
  • Medications: Medications like nifedipine, which are used to treat high blood pressure, and vasodilators such as sildenafil can help improve blood flow.
  • Physical therapy: May include many therapeutic techniques to help patients regain and/or maintain full function of the affected areas.
  • Protective strategies: Wearing gloves and warm clothing can help protect against cold temperatures and limit episodes.
  • Surgical options: In more severe cases, sympathectomy, a surgical procedure that minimizes the sympathetic nervous system's response, may be necessary.

Signs and Symptoms of Raynaud’s Phenomenon

The signs of Raynaud's are typically visible and can be felt. They include:

  • Color changes: The affected areas can turn white, blue and then red.
  • Numbness and tingling: May occur when the attack starts and then subsides as blood flow returns.
  • Pain: Can be particularly severe during the rewarming phase after an attack.

How We Diagnose Raynaud’s Phenomenon

At Houston Methodist, our world-class rheumatology department uses the latest diagnostic techniques to pinpoint your issues and develop a comprehensive treatment plan. Diagnosing Raynaud's phenomenon typically involves:

  • Blood tests: These may include tests like antinuclear antibodies (ANA) or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to help identify underlying conditions, such as autoimmune diseases.
  • Clinical evaluation: Detailed discussion of symptoms and triggers as well as a physical examination of the affected areas. 
  • Cold stimulation test: Allows our physicians to assess your blood flow and vascular reaction in cold conditions. 

Managing Life With Raynaud’s Phenomenon

If you’re suffering from the symptoms of Raynaud’s, it’s in your best interest to consult with a certified rheumatologist as soon as possible. The expert care offered at Houston Methodist can drastically improve your quality of life by minimizing symptoms and preventing serious complications.

We treat every case individually and comprehensively to ensure you get treatment that fits the severity of your condition, lifestyle demands and personal needs. Contact us to schedule an appointment today. 

FAQs About Raynaud’s Phenomenon

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