Lung cancer is a common cancer, but its symptoms often fly under the radar until the disease is advanced. The signs can be subtle, so it's easy for people to misattribute them to less serious conditions or dismiss them altogether — especially if you've never smoked.
Unfortunately, vague symptoms are part of why lung cancer is so deadly. But knowing how to spot the early signs of lung cancer and understanding when to take action can be lifesaving.
"The biggest thing is having an awareness of your personal lung cancer risk factors and having a certain degree of suspicion if your symptoms aren't going away," says Dr. Chinemerem Abanonu, an oncologist at Houston Methodist.
What are the most common signs of lung cancer?
Early lung cancer signs can be broad and nonspecific, such as asthma-like symptoms, a new cough or feeling like you have a persistent cold. These vague symptoms are often overlooked.
"The symptoms aren't always dramatic," Dr. Abanonu says. "But when the same issue comes back over and over again — or never really goes away — that's a red flag."
As lung cancer progresses, the most common symptoms include:
- Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing, coughing or laughing
- Coughing up blood (even small amounts)
- Fatigue or feeling more tired than usual
- Hoarseness
- Loss of appetite
- Persistent cough that doesn't go away
- Recurring lung infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis
- Shortness of breath
- Swelling in the face or neck
- Unexplained weight loss
- Wheezing, especially if new and persistent
Many of these symptoms can be caused by other conditions — and that's exactly why lung cancer can be hard to catch early.
"Some of these symptoms, like shortness of breath, can also be signs of other serious conditions, such as heart disease," Dr. Abanonu says. "Anything unusual needs to be evaluated, especially if the symptoms persist."
(Related: When to Worry About a Persistent Cough)
When should I see a doctor about these symptoms?
Talk with a doctor if you have any symptoms that could be associated with lung cancer, especially if:
- Symptoms persist for more than a few weeks
- They are getting worse
- You currently smoke or previously smoked
- You've been exposed to environmental risk factors, such as radon or heavily polluted air
- You have a family history of lung cancer
"It's important to talk with a primary care provider you trust," Dr. Abanonu advises. "They can evaluate your symptoms and refer you for further testing if necessary."
Is lung cancer screening available?
Low-dose CT (LDCT) scans can catch lung cancer early, when it's most treatable. But many people who qualify for screening aren't aware the option exists. You may be eligible for a lung cancer screening if you:
- Are 50 to 80 years old
- Currently smoke or have quit smoking within the past 15 years
- Have a history of smoking one pack a day for 20 years or two packs a day for 10 years (20 pack years)
(Related: Why You Shouldn't Brush Off Lung Cancer Screening)
Even if you don't qualify for formal screening, a doctor can request tests and imaging if there's cause for concern.
"We're seeing more incidental lung nodules picked up during other scans," Dr. Abanonu says. "At Houston Methodist, we've built a system to make sure those patients get appropriate follow-up,. We have a team of specialists to evaluate and follow the findings and keep patients from falling through the cracks."
If you have ongoing lung or chest symptoms that aren't getting better, don't wait. Advocate for your health, ask your provider for imaging or request a referral to a specialist. Early detection of lung cancer can be lifesaving.
